我国某县血液筛选后传播艾滋病病毒的残余危险度研究

Residual risk research of HIV infection after blood screening in one county in China

目的 了解有偿献血员筛查后仍存在的经输血感染HIV的危险度,评价现有筛查措施的效果及为进一步改进提供科学依据。方法 选择献血员中HIV感染水平中等的某县中心血站,用模型法和回顾法进行了经输血传播HIV的残余危险度研究。结果 该县血站于1995年6月至1998年3月期间检出的19例HIV抗体阳性者中有7例为多次献血员,在近期内输过其血的22例受血者中,找到9例存活者,证实其中1例输血后感染HIV。模型法及回顾法估计该血站筛选合格供血中,HIV感染的残余危险度分别为1/1773～1/28867份血和1/2008～1/2730份血。结论 我国基层血站血液筛选后仍存在残余危险。

Objective To estimate the risk of HIV infections from blood transfusions, to evaluate existing blood screening measures, and to make recommendations to improve current blood screening practices. Methods Research was conducted in a county blood station. A statistical model and retrospective method were used to analyse the data. Results Between June 1995 and March 1998, 19 blood donors tested positive for HIV antibodies and among them, 7 were repeat blood donors. Twenty-two blood recipients were identified from these 7 donors during six months, 9 are still alive today, while one patient was infected with HIV from a blood transfusion while undergoing an operation. The residual risk of the blood station using a statistical model and retrospective methods were 1/ 1 773 -1/ 28 867 and 1/ 2 008- 1/ 2 730 donations respectively. Conclusion The residual risk of HIV after screening in the county blood station was high. We recommend further improvements to current blood screening practices.