华东地区三种类型恙虫病自然疫源地调查

Studies on three types of natural foci of tsutsugamushi disease in eastern part of China

目的 为查明恙虫病的自然疫源地类型给预防工作提供依据,在福建、浙江、江苏三省进行了系列调查。方法 ①在三省选择有代表性的调查点;②收集地理景观及疫情资料;③现场调查及实验研究:主要是鼠类、恙螨与疾病的关系。结果 研究证明恙虫病在三省存在具有代表性的三型自然疫源地:①沿海岛屿型疫源地主要分布于福建。主要储存宿主为黄毛鼠;主要媒介恙螨为地里纤恙螨;流行季节在夏季;恙虫病立克次体(Rt)分型:Gilliam型。②内陆山林型疫源地分布于浙江。主要储存宿主为社鼠;主要媒介恙螨为高湖纤恙螨;流行季节在夏季;Rt分型:Gilliam型。③内陆平原丘陵型疫源地分布于江苏。主要储存宿主为黑线姬鼠、褐家鼠、社鼠、大麝;主要媒介恙螨为小盾纤恙螨;流行季节在秋冬季;Rt分型:Kawasaki型。结论 福建、浙江、江苏三省恙虫病的病原体型别、储存宿主、媒介恙螨与流行特征均有所不同。

Objective In order to identify the types of natural foci of tsutsugamushi disease to provide basis for prevention, a series of studies were carried out in Fujian,Zhejiang and Jiangsu Provinces. Methods (1)Representative points for investigation in three Provinces were selected. (2)Data on geographical landscape and epidemiology were collected. (3)Field survey and experimental studies on rats and chigger mites in relation to the disease. Results Three representative types of natural foci of tsutsugamushi disease were demonstrated. They were (1)Coastal island type, mainly in Fujian with major reservoir host as Rattus losea and major vector mite as L.deliense ; prevalent season: summer;type of Rt:Gilliam: (2)Inland mountain-forest type in Zhejiang with major reservoir host as R.confucianus and major vector miteas L.gaohuense ;prevalent season:summer;type of Rt: Gilliam. (3)Inland plain-hills type in Jiangsu with major reservoir hosts: Apodemus agrarius, R.confucianus, R.norvegicus and Crocidura lasiura ; major vector mite: L.scutellare; prevalent seasons:autumn and winter;type of Rt:Kawasaki. Conclusion The types of Rt, reservoir hosts, vector chigger mites and epidemiological features of tsutsugamushi disease in Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangsu Province were found different. Thus, the preventive measures should also be distinct from one another.