闽东滨海湿地景观分类体系与格局特征

Research on Landscape Classification and Pattern Feature of Coastal Wetland in East Fujian Province

以闽东沿海地区1993、2001、2010年遥感图像为分析对象,用3S技术和景观生态学方法将其湿地景观分为7类,并用景观格局指数分析该湿地3个不同时期的空间格局特征和变化规律。结果表明:水域景观在斑块面积和比例上占优势地位,形状稳定且连通性最好,为研究区域的基质景观;养殖场、建筑用地和农田在斑块面积、数量、密度上均有增长,水域、人工库塘、其他非湿地景观和潮间裸滩则呈下降趋势;建筑用地景观形状最为复杂,人工库塘的分离度和破碎化程度最大,潮间裸滩次之,且在相应指数上均高于同时期其他自然湿地景观,受到人为干扰最为强烈。

Based on the analyses of the remote sensing images of the coastal area in eastern part of Fujian Province taken in the years of 1993, 2001 and 2010, the coastal wetland landscape of east Fujian Province was divided into seven categories by means of 3S technology and landscape ecology methods. The characteristics of the spatial distribution pat- terns and the change law of the coastal wetlands at the three different periods of time were analyzed with the landscape pattern indices. The results showed that water surface landscape was the matrix landscape type in the study area that took the dominant position with stable shape and the best connectivity. The study showed the area, number and density of the aquatic farm, construction land and farmland were all increased along the time, whereas the area, number and density of the water body, artificial pond and other non wetland landscape area and the area of intertidal emerged beach land de- creased with the time advance. The landscape shape of the construction land type was the most complex. The separation degree and fragmentation degree of the artificial ponds was the largest, followed by those of the intertidal emerged beach. The index values of the intertidal emerged beach were higher than those of the other natural wetland landscape at the same period of time, reflecting that it was most strongly affected by human disturbance.