话语批评主体性问题的修辞阐释

A Rhetorical Anatomy of the Subjectivity Issue of Discourse Criticism

话语批评强调对批评实践自身的批评。对话语批评的理论前提进行反思也是批评的要义。如果从其理论基础出发,则发现话语批评最为倚重的理论家Foucault、Bourdieu和Habermas分别阐说的话语权力主体观、习性主体观和交往行动主体观不能对批评何以可能的问题作出充分的解释,并导致话语伦理责任无法界定等问题的出现。Perelman等修辞论辩学家所阐述的秉持人文主义思想的修辞行动主体观,则可以弥补这些缺憾。

Discourse Criticism highlights self-reflection upon its own critical practice. Anatomy of its theoretical underpinnings is thus also an essential part of the criticism. Among the underpinnings, insights about the subjectivity of criticism, i.e., power-discursive subject, habitus-agent and agent of communicative action preferred by the great theorists Foucault, Bourdieu and Habermas respectively can not reasonably rationalize such issues as how criticism could be possible and how discursive responsibility should be defined. The paper argues that insights of rhetorical agent with humanism as its essence offered by Perelman and other rhetoricians and argumentation theorists would present adequate justifications for the issues.