基于乡村居民感知层次的旅游效应分析——以北京市车耳营民俗村为例

A study of rural tourism effectiveness based on perspectives of local residents: a case study of business folk village Che'er,Beijing

以车耳营民俗村为例,通过问卷调查的方式采分析乡村旅游效应问题.结果表明:根据SPSS分类结果将该地区认知类型划分为典型积极型(I组、II组)、退却型(IV组、V组)、冷漠(VI组),分别占到了总样本的85.56%、10.60%、1.92%.其中,积极性认知类型组可以更客观地反映旅游影响,退却型认知类型组没有认识到发展旅游业的重要性,对旅游影响体会不深刻,冷漠型认知类型组对旅游影响完全否定或者极度夸张.从不同认知类型组看,积极型认知类型组对乡村旅游的经济效应、社会文化效应、资源环境效应持肯定态度,而对道德文化效应和生存环境效应持中立态度;冷却型认知类型组认为旅游增加了政府的财政支持,但旅游区居民自身经济状况未得到改善,对社会文化效应持中立态度,而对道德文化和环境的负面效应感知强烈;冷漠型认知类型组对旅游的经济效应、社会效应和环境效应均持否定态度.人口统计学特征对旅游感知水平的影响表现为"家庭人均年收入"、"家庭成员是否从事旅游业"和"是否本地人口"是影响旅游经济效应感知层次的的关键因子,"家庭人均年收入"、"性别"、"家庭成员是否从事旅游业"对居民感知旅游社会效应和环境效应具有显著的影响.

To study residents＇ perception toward rural tourism impact,taking business folk village Che＇ er as a case,by conducting a quesfionnmre survey and statistical method, the background characteristicis of the residents and the perception toward economic effect, socitey effect and environmtal effect are investigated on the spot, and the perception level and the relationship between their characteristics and the perception level is analyzed by SPSS class and correlation coefficients. The results show that （ 1 ） SPSS class can divide 52 samples into active group,retreating group and apathy group. （2） Each group has its own characters. The rural tourism impact were impersonally reflected by active group, retreating group failed to recognized the importance of the development of rural tourism, while apathy group had a negative attitude or extreme exaggeration the effect of rural tourism. （3） As a whole, the local residents had evidently positive perception of economic, society and environmental positive effect and are not sensitive to their negative efect. From perspective of different group, the activegroup had positive perception to economic effect, social culture effect and resource environmental effect and are indifferent to moral culture effect and living environment effect. For the retreating group, they thought that the government＇ s financial support was increased by the rural tourism development, but the economic situation of residents was not imporved, they had indifferent perception to social culture effec and are strongly sensitive to the negative efect of moral culture and environment effect. The apathy group had a negative attitude to rural tourism. （4） ＂family per income＂, ＂engaging in tourism or not＂ and ＂local population or not＂ were key index for the perception of resident to economic effect, while ＂family per income＂ ,＂ sex＂ and ＂engaging in tourism or not＂ were key index for the perception of resident to social and environmental effect. The participation level was lower clearly than the perception level which was determined by the participation stage of tourism development cycle in the business folk village Che＇ er.