宁夏居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病认知行为的现况调查

Cognitive behavior survey on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in individuals living in Ningxia

目的了解宁夏居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）认知行为的现状，探讨影响居民认知水平的相关因素，为制定COPD干预措施提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法，在宁夏回族自治区4个地级市抽取12个调查点，对40岁以上居民4268例进行COPD问卷调查。整理数据资料，采用多因素线性回归方法分析COPD认知水平的影响因素。结果实际调查4200例，有效问卷4056份，有效应答率96．57％。其中，仅6．51％（264／4056）听说过COPD，13．88％（563／4056）认为吸烟是慢支、肺气肿的危险因素，6．39％（259／4056）知晓肺功能检测。影响认知的主要因素是收入水平、城乡、文化程度、民族。宁夏40岁以上人群的吸烟率为28．80％（1168／4056），回族低于汉族（20．40％VS34．63％，P〈0．05）。回汉吸烟人群中，吸烟指数及重度吸烟者所占比例无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论宁夏居民对COPD缺乏认识，防治意识差，推行健康教育工作刻不容缓。回族人群吸烟率虽然低于汉族，但对COPD缺乏认识仍是不可忽视的问题。

Objective To investigate current status of cognitive behavior on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） to provide evidence for targeted intervention. Methods A questionnaire survey on COPD was conducted at 12 settings of 4 prefectures that were sampled from Ningxia Province using multi- stage stratified cluster random sampling method, and 4268 residents at least 40 years old were interviewed. Multivariate linear regression method was used for data analysis. Results A total of 4056 valid questionnaires were returned fi＇om 4200 participants with an effective response rate of 96. 570/0. Only 6. 51% （264/4056） had an idea of COPD, 13.88% （563/4056） regarded cigarette smoking as a risk factor of chronic bronchitis and emphysema,and 6. 39% （259/4056） knew pulmonary function tests. Home income, living area,educatlon level and ethnicity were main factors influencing COPD awareness. The percentage of current cigarette smoking was 28. 80% （1168/4056） with 20.40% in Hui （Muslim） ethnic group and 34. 63% in Han ethnic group （P 〈 0. 05 ） ; smoking index and severe smokers were not significantly different between the two groups （ P 〉 0. 05 ）. Conclusion Our data suggest a considerably poor knowledge and prevention awareness of COPD in Ningxia Province. In spite of relatively lower cigarette smoking rate, the problem that Hui （Muslim） ethnic people are lack of COPD awareness should not to be neglected.