从三首唐诗看不同孤独情感体验之类型——以《登幽州台歌》、《登岳阳楼》、《江雪》为例

Different Types of Emotional Experience of Loneliness from Three Tang Poems ——Taking On a Gate-Tower at Youzhou,On Yueyang Tower,River Snow as Examples

孤独情感是中国古典诗词的永恒主题。唐代陈子昂的《登幽州台歌》、杜甫的《登岳阳楼》和柳宗元的《江雪》代表着三种典型的孤独情感体验类型。三种情感体验在外在形态上各不相同,陈子昂展现一种英雄式孤独,杜甫流露出流浪者思家忧国之孤独,而柳宗元显示出隐者清高避世之孤独。不同孤独的外在形态下深藏着三类文人在困境中不屈的救世济民之理想,他们的孤独感由此而升华让后人感动、景仰。

Loneliness emotion is the eternal theme of Chinese classical poetry. In Tang dynasty, the three poems, On a Gate-Tower at Youzhou of Chen Zi＇ang, On Yueyang Tower of Du Fu and River Snow of Liu Zongyuan represent respectively three typical types of emotional experience of loneliness. The three kinds of emotional experience are different in the external forms. Chen Zi＇ang shows a hero＇s loneliness, Du Fu reveals a rover＇s loneliness as a result of caring for the fate of his country and Liu Zongyuan shows the hermit＇s loneliness. Under external forms of different loneliness hides the same salvation thoughts. The distillation of their sense of loneliness is sublime and moving to their descendants.