试析国家对国际刑事法院管辖权的规避——以美国的双边不移交协定为例

A Study on Evasion of ICC's Jurisdiction:From the Perspective of U.S.Bilateral Non-surrender Agreements

善意履行条约义务是国际法的一项基本原则,并构成了国际法和国际关系的基础。但是,在国际社会中,规避条约义务的行为逐渐出现。若一个国家采取签订双边条约的形式来规避法律义务时,如何判断该双边条约的效力以及认定条约缔约方的责任,是国际法值得研究的问题。国际刑事法院规约的缔约国与非缔约国之间的不移交协定,在事实上构成了对规约义务的规避。但是,这种协定不能简单的被确定为无效。本文以美国所缔结的双边不引渡条约为例,分析了此种协定在现行国际法规则下的有效性,并为同样是该规约非缔约国的中国提出了应对的建议。

＂Pacta sunt servanda＂ is a fundamental principle in international law. Every treaty in force is binding upon the parties to it and must be performed by them in good faith. In modem international society, the evasion of treaty is not a new thing. Evasion of law is a concept in civil law, and if one country refused reforming the treaty by a new bilateral agreement, what can the other party of the first treaty do？ The Bilateral Non - surrender Agreements of US are void under current international law.