张谷英村聚落景观公共空间类型及组成要素研究

Study on the Settlement Landscape Public Space and the Space's Elements of Zhangguying Village in Hunan

湖南张谷英村始建于明代洪武年间,拥有中国罕见、特别的聚落景观。以张谷英村景观公共空间为研究对象,以景观公共空间类型和组成要素为研究内容,通过采取现场测绘、文献查阅的方法,总结得出村落景观公共空间有街巷空间、广场空间、公共绿地空间、住宅入口空间及墓地空间5类,景观空间组成要素有构成空间的底界面、侧界面、顶界面。其中街巷空间依据街巷等级尺度分为水街空间和巷道空间,以当大门段、百步三桥段、沿溪长廊段、民俗文化陈列馆段典型水街为列,得出水街的D/H〈1,空间富有亲切感和紧迫感;广场空间以民俗文化陈列馆前广场、下新屋前广场为研究对象,得出D/H=1~2,空间具有亲切感和围合感;公共绿地分布集中,景点突出;住宅入口空间分为临水入口和临路入口空间,空间多采取建筑后退形成阴角的处理方式,使空间的具有多变性。通过分析得出具有可识别度的张谷英村聚落景观公共空间,为新时代新农村公共空间的建设提供参考和借鉴。

Zhangguying Village in Hunan was built in the Ming Dynasty Hongwu years,with unique settlement landscape in China.In this paper,studying on the settlement landscape public space and the space ＇ s elements of this village were carried out by field mapping and data analyzing.The author summarized that Zhangguying Village had five kinds of public space：street space,square space,public green space,residential space and the entrance of cemetery space.According to street level scale,street space was sorted into roadway space and water street space,While Dangdamen water street,Baibusanqiao water street,Yan Xichanglang water street, Minshuchenlieguan water street were selected for water street space space ＇ s study,coming to water street D/H 1.The square space in front of Wangjiaduan building,folk culture exhibition hall and Xiaxinwu building were for the square space ＇ s study,coming to the D/H=1-2.Three public green places for the study were the entrance scene stone green,green pool entrance and the green space in front of Dangdamen building. Residential entrance space was divided into the entrance near the water space and the temporary road entrance space,the author selected Shangxinwu entrance,Dangdamen entrance,Qianyitang entrance for the entrance near water space ＇ s study and Wangjiaduan entrance for the temporary road space model.This paper set forth the recognizable settlement landscape of public space in Zhangguying Village,which could provide reference and information for the new rural construction.