哈大高速公路景观质量评价

The Landscape Evaluation of Haerbin-Daqing Expressway

构建高速公路景观评价体系和评价模型,探讨高速公路的景观评价方法。以哈大高速公路为例,从公路自身景观、公路沿线人文景观和公路两侧本底自然景观3方面进行评价、选取15个二级指标,55个三级指标的景观综合评价体系。参考有关的标准和研究资料制定二级指标的评价标准,利用层次分析法确定权重。采取景观综合指数法和模糊数学评价法对哈大高速公路总体景观质量进行了定量和定性评价。结果显示：哈大高速公路总体景观多数路段分数在6~7分之间,并且靠近哈尔滨和大庆2个城市路段分值高于中间路段,这可能与公路中间路段两侧的绿化和护理不到位有关。根据模糊评价法最大隶属度原则,哈大高速公路总体景观质量为＂一般＂等级,2种评价方法结果一致。鉴于各种评价方法的优点和缺点,采用基于AHP的综合指数法和模糊数学法适合高速公路景观质量的评价。

The aim was to establish landscape evaluation system and landscape evaluation model of expressway and to discuss landscape evaluation methods of expressway.Taking Harbin-Daqing expressway as an example,expressway landscape evaluation system was established,which was evaluated from 3 aspects of expressway the expressway ＇ s landscape,cultural landscape along expressways and natural landscape at both sides of expressway.And landscape evaluation system of Harbin-Daqing expressway were set up on the basis of 15 second level indicators,55 three level indicators.Evaluation criterion of second level indicator was established in reference to standards concerned and research data and weight were determined by AHP. Harbin-Daqing expressway landscape of qualitative and quantitative assessment was undertaken by methods of landscape composite index and fuzzy math evaluation method.The results showed that scores of overall landscape of majority sections of Harbin-Daqing expressway were between 6-7 scores and that of sections near Harbin City and Daqing City were higher than that of middle sections of Harbin-Daqing expressway.It resulted from low level greening and nursing.According to maximum membership principle of fuzzy evaluation method,the landscape quality was in general grade and results of two evaluation methods were the same.In view of the advantages and disadvantages of various evaluation methods,comprehensive index method and fuzzy mathematics method based on AHP fit for landscape quality evaluation of expressway.