山西省忻府区土壤养分特征

Soil Fertility Condition in Xinfu Area,Shanxi Province

为提高山西忻府区测土配方施肥质量,2006—2010年对该区7582个土壤样品进行分析,研究该区测土配方施肥实施以来土壤养分状况及其影响因素。结果表明,测土配方施肥工作开展以来,土壤肥力比二次土壤普查时明显提高,但速效磷含量自2008年逐步降低,由2008年的23.99 mg/kg降到2010年的12.53 mg/kg;2006年以后,有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾高含量土壤的比例均明显增加,但2010年土壤碱解氮和速效钾高含量土壤比例有所降低;潮土区有机质(14.45 g/kg)和速效磷含量(17.83 mg/kg)显著高于褐土区(14.15 g/kg和14.88 mg/kg),但速效钾含量(136.59 mg/kg)显著低于褐土(141.35 mg/kg);高海拔地区土壤肥力呈现出明显的逐年降低趋势;土壤类型、海拔等自然因素对忻府区土壤养分状况有显著影响,应综合考虑这些因素的影响,调整推荐施肥方案。在秸秆还田基础上,对低肥力土壤,特别是高海拔地区土壤,进行具有针对性的增施氮、磷、钾肥的措施,培肥地力。

In order to improve the quality of formula fertilization by soil testing in Xinfu area, 7582 soil samples from 2006 to 2010 were analyzed to study the soil nutrients condition and affecting factors in this area. The results showed that soil fertility after 2006 was much higher than that at the 2nd National Soil Survey, but the content of available P decreased year by year after 2008, from 23.99 mg/kg in 2008 to 12.53 mg/kg in 2010. The proportions of soils with high content of organic matter, total N, alkali solution N, available K or available P increased obviously, but the proportions of soils with high content of alkali solution N or available K decreased in 2010. The contents of SOM （14.45 g/kg） and available P （17.83 mg/kg） in fluvo-aquic soil were significantly greater than those in Sinnamon soil （14.15 g/kg and 14.88 mg/kg）, while the content of available K was in verse. Soil fertility of high altitude locations decreased year by year. Soil nutrients condition was significantly affected by natural factors such as soil type and altitude, which should be take into consideration when fertilizer application was recommended. In conclusion, together with straw returning, more N, P, and K fertilizers should be aDlalied in low-fertility soils, esneciallv in the soil with high altitude.