绿叶挥发物及其生态功能研究进展

Advances in Green Leaf Volatiles and Its Ecological Functions

系统总结了绿叶挥发物的释放规律、代谢途径和对不同生物群落的生态调控功能,包括能诱导植物生成相关防御基因和防御化合物,自身及其诱导生成的虫害诱导植物挥发物和花外蜜露能够在植株间传递预警信号、吸引和驱避植食性昆虫、协同或抑制昆虫信息素、招引寄生蜂,还能影响病原微生物的生长。指出了在田间条件下天敌因受到背景气味、气象条件、害虫种群分布和数量等诸多因素的影响,很难达到理想的生物防治效果。因此仍需对植食性昆虫与天敌的化学遗传学和生态学、不同植物—植食性昆虫—天敌三重营养间的互作关系,以及不同植食性昆虫虫口密度对田间防效的影响等诸多方面进行深入研究,以明确虫害诱导挥发物中关键物质的多重生态功能,并确定虫害诱导挥发物的田间应用技术。

Green leaf volatiles （GLV） play an important role in the chemical information network among plants, pest insects and natural enemies. That the release disciplines, metabolic pathways and the ecological functions on different biological communities of GLV was systematacially introduced in the paper. Defense-related genes and secondary metabolites can be induced and generated by GLV in plants defense response. GLV itself and HIPVs and extrafloral nectar induced by GLV can both be spreaded as the warning signals between plants, to attract and repel herbivorous insects, to play the role of synergistic and inhibitive effects with insect pheromones, to attract parasitic wasps and also to affect the growth of pathogenic micro-organisms. Although many natural enemies can be apparently allured by GLV in the laboratory conditions, their parasitic and predatory behaviors are easily influenced by background odors, meteorological conditions, population distribution and quantity of insect pests, and many other factors in the field conditions. It is too complicated and difficult to achieve the ideal biological control efficiency. Before indirect defensive functions of herbivore-induced plant volatiles are used as the regulatory measures with the chemical ecology for phytophagous insect populations in fields, many unknown aspects such as chemical genetics and ecology of insect pests, the interaction mechanism among plants, pest insects and natural enemies, the interactions between the control efficiency and different population densities of herbivorous insects in fields, are still needed to do in-depth research in order to determine multiple ecological functions of the key substances of HIPVs and develop application technology in fields.