个人际遇与学术生态的互动——顾颉刚学术生涯的突破

The Interaction between Personal Fortune and Academic Ecology—The Breakthrough of Gu Jie—gang's Academic Life

顾颉刚是中国现代史学的奠基人之一,其学术生涯的突破在于领导"古史辨"运动。顾颉刚之所以能有这样的史学成绩有两方面的因素。一方面是由于他的个人际遇,另一方面是北京大学的学术生态。现代学术体制的建立,给北京大学营造了一个良好的学术生态。顾颉刚入北大中国哲学门学习未久便受到这种学术生态的影响。在留校工作以后,顾颉刚与胡适结交,进而通过胡适逐步接近北大学术生态,进入到学术共同体内部。顾颉刚的疑古思想的形成和深化是在学术共同体内部讨论中得以实现的。顾颉刚利用现代学术体制中的报刊机制,将这场学术讨论从几个人的私人通信转变为一种公开的言论。这一举动拉开了"古史辨"运动的序幕,顾颉刚也因此奠定了自己的学术地位。在这一过程中,顾颉刚个人际遇与学术生态之间的这种互动关系无疑是一个非常重要的因素。

Gu Jie--gang is one of the founders of modern Chinese historiography. The breakthrough of Gu Jie--gang＇s academic life lies in the leading of the debate on ancient history. There are two reasons for his success： one is his personal fortune; the other is the academic ecology in Peking University in the new culture era. The establishment of the modern academic system provided PKU good academic ecology. The academic ecology had affected Gu since he studied in PKU. Gu and Hu Shi became friends after he worked in PKU. Through Hu Shi, he was close to academic ecology of PKU and entered the academic community. The idea of his suspicion on the Chinese ancient history was formed and deepened in the discussions in the academic community. Gu turned the private communication into public statements by press. Then, ＂the debate on the ancient history＂came into the stage of history. So Gu established his academic status. In this process, the interaction between personal fortune and academic ecology was a very important factor.