清末以来陕西省汉江上游暴雨洪水灾害研究

The rain-storm flood disasters in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River in Shaanxi province since the late Qing Dynasty

根据对搜集到的历史文献资料及地方统计资料的整理与研究,并结合前人工作经验,对汉江上游地区清末以来(公元1832～2010年)近200年中暴雨洪水的发生状况进行了深入研究。结果表明:清后期至今这一暴雨洪水高发期的洪水灾害类型可划分为三类:局部暴雨洪水灾害;大面积暴雨洪水灾害;长历时、大面积暴雨洪水灾害。这三种灾害类型各占灾害发生总次数的31%,42%,27%。清后期至今汉江上游灾害性大暴雨洪水共出现59次,平均每3.4年发生一次。从分析发现,清后期以来汉江上游暴雨洪水频次不断上升,尤其是1932年以来,虽然暴雨洪水灾害频次有所波动,但整体呈上升趋势,且大面积,长历时暴雨洪水明显增多。暴雨洪水主要在7,8,9月份即夏秋两季发生。汉江上游的暴雨洪水类别分布及发生特点不仅与当地地形及气候的异常波动有关,也与人为活动的影响密切相关。

Based on the reorganizing and studying of the historical document and local statistical information, considering of the former experiences, we had done a deep research in rain - storm flood at the head waters of Hanjing River from the waning days of the Qing dynasty（ AD 1832 -2010）. It turned out that the flood disasters in the rain - storm flood high - incidence season could be concluded into three types ： local rain - storm flood dis- aster, bedding face accumulates heavy rains and flooding disasters, long duration, large area rain - storm flood disasters. Each of the disasters accounting for the total amount was 31%, 42%, 27%. Since late Qing Dynasty, severe storm floods at upper stream happened＇ once in 3.4 years in average. From the analysis, we found that rain -storm flood in upstream of Hanjiang River increased frequently since late Qing Dynasty, especially since 1932. Although the frequencies of disasters of rain - storm flood fluctuated in years, the number raised in total- ly, and the long -time , large -area rain -storm flood increased obviously. St6rms and floods mainly occurred in July, August, September. The categorical distribution and the features of how it happened about rain - storm flood at the head waters of Hanjiang River not only related to local topography and climatic fluctuation, but also is closely connected with human activities.