乌鲁木齐南部山区中小型土壤动物群落特征及多样性研究

Study on the community characteristics and diversity of soil mesofauna in southern mountain areas of Urumqi

采用常规野外采样方法对乌鲁木齐南部山区六种不同生境中小型土壤动物群落结构及其特征进行调查分析,并运用多样性、优势度、丰富度、均匀度和相似性等分析生物多样性变化。结果表明:在三个不同季节在研究区共捕获中小型土壤动物24197只,隶属于5门13纲24目。其中真螨目(45.71%)和弹尾目(41.59%)为优势类群,寄螨目为常见类群(9.25%),优势类群和常见类群共占总数量的96.55%。其余的21类均为稀有类群,只占总捕获量的3.45%。不同生境中小型土壤动物个体数和类群数组成有明显的差异(p<0.05),水平分布表现为针叶林>山地灌木林>山地耕地>阔叶林>山地草地>居民地。多样性指数顺序为居民地>山地草地>山地灌木林>山地耕地>针叶林>阔叶林;个体数的季节动态变化为秋季>冬季>夏季;垂直分布具有明显的表聚性,即表层>中层>下层。

A preliminary investigation on the characteristics of community structure and diversity of soil mesofau- na of six habitats in mountainous areas of southern Urumqi were conducted by using the diversity indices. The re- sults showed that a total of 24197 soil animals was captured and classified into 5 phyla, 12 classes, and 24 orders, respectively. Among which the Acariformes and Collembola were the dominant groups, and they were account for 96.55% of the total samples, and Parasiformes（9.25% ）was common groups and the other 21 groups were be- longed to the rare groups and they were only account for 3.45% of the total samples. The results also indicated that there are significant differences among the different habitats of the individuals and group number of soil me- sofauna（ p 〈 0.05 ） , the sequences of horizontal distribution of mesofauna were Coniferous forest 〉 Mountain shrub 〉 Mountain farmland 〉 Broad - leaved forest 〉 Mountain grassland 〉 Residential area, and the diversity indices were Residential area 〉 Mountain grassland 〉 Mountain shrub 〉 Mountain farmland 〉 Coniferous forest 〉 Broad - leaved forest; The sequences of seasonal dynamics of individual numbers of the soil mesofauna were Autumn 〉 Winter 〉 Summer. The vertical distribution of the individual densities and group numbers were mainly lived in the layer of 0 - 5 cm in the soil profile, 0 - 5 cm 〉 5 - 10 cm 〉 10 - 15cm.