新疆吉木萨尔县林场大、中型土壤动物群落组成及季节动态研究

Composition and seasonal dynamics of macro-and meso-fauna in state forest farm of Jimisar County,Xinjiang

为探讨山地生态系统不同生境对大、中型土壤动物群落结构特征的影响,分别于2009年4月、7月及9月对天山北麓中段吉木萨尔县林场山地生态系统的5种不同生境,即云杉林、山前草甸、山地草原、山地农田及山间河滩中的大、中型土壤动物群落进行了采样研究。共捕获大、中型土壤动物个体14727只,分别隶属于6门16纲39目(40类)。其中弹尾目和真螨目为优势类群,二者分别占总数的38.61%,25.54%。鞘翅目、寄螨目、膜翅目、蜘蛛目、鞘翅目幼虫、双翅目幼虫、颤蚓目、鳞翅目幼虫等8类为常见类群,共占总数的26.38%,优势类群和常见类群共占总数是的90.53%,这二类组成了该区大、中型土壤动物的基本成分。其余的30类为稀有类群,占总数的9.47%。研究还发现,山地不同生境大、中型土壤动物类群和个体数之间、不同季节之间、不同土层之间以及群落多样性之间均存在显著差异(P>0.05)。通过该区不同生境大、中型土壤动物群落的聚类和排序结果,将5种不同山地生境分为云杉林-山地草原生境类型和山前草甸-山地耕地-山间河滩生境类型两大类型。

In order to explore the impact of different habitat types on the composition and seasonal dynamics of macro and meso fauna in five habitats in mountain areas, studies were conducted in April ,July, and September in 2009. The results showed that a total of 14727 soil animals were captured and classified into 6 phyla, 12 classes and 39 orders. The dominant groups are Collembola and Acariformes, and are accounted for 38.61% , 25.54%, respectively. Coleoptera, Parasiformes, Hymenoptera, Araneae, Coleoptera larvae, Diptera larvae, Tubifieida, Lepidoptera larvae are common groups, they are accounted for 26.38% , and the dominant groups and the common groups are account for 90.53% of the total number of all samples, the other 30 groups for the rare groups, which only accounts for 9.47% of the total number of all samples. Meanwhile, the Shannon - Wie- ner community diversity index （ H）, the Pielou index （E） , the Simpson dominance index （ C ）, the Margalef abundance index, the vertical distribution and the seasonal dynamics of macro and mesofaunal community in five different habitats were analyzed and discussed . There are significant differences of groups , individuals, community diversity, the vertical distribution and the seasonal dynamics of soil macro and meso fauna among the 5 different habitats in that area（ p 〈 0.05 ）. The cluster analysis result of macro and meso faunal community in five different habitats could be classified into 2 types, namely, dragon spruce forest upland meadow habitat type and upland meadow hillside cropland floodland habitat type. The findings also suggested that soil animals have different responses to the upland habitats, aboveground vegetation structure and soil disturbance degree .perhaps influenced the ecological structure of soil animal community.