清代河南盐渍化土地分布初步研究

Study on distribution of saline and alkaline land in Henan province during Qing Dynasty

清代河南盐渍化土地面积较大,史籍对之或有直接记载,或有间接反映。通过文献分析和统计:清代河南至少46个州县分布有盐渍化土地,其中开封、卫辉和归德三府面积较广;怀庆、陈州、彰德、许州四府的部分州县较严重;河南、汝宁、南阳三府有零星分布;陕州、汝州和光州三府较轻。据此勾划出的盐渍化土地分布图显示:清代河南盐渍化土地主要分布在豫东和豫北的黄、淮、海冲积平原,集中在黄河故道及黄河河道两侧。大面积土地盐渍化成为清代河南农业生产乃至经济发展的重要环境制约因素。

During Qing Dynasty, the area of saline and alkaline land was large in Henan Province. By analyzing direct and indirect historical records, such conclusion can be drawn： saline and alkaline land were distributed throughout at least 46 counties in Henan province, of which in Kaifeng, Weihui and Guide were the most serious; Huaiqing, Chenzhou, Zhangde and Xuzhou were less; Henan, Runing and Nanyang were the least; there was no records in prefectures of Shanzhou, Ruzhou and Guangzhou. On geographic location, saline and alkaline land were mainly distributed throughout the plain on north and east of Henan province, especially on both sides of courses of the Yellow River, including the old one and new one. Large area of saline and alkaline land had in- terfered greatly the production of agriculture and the development of economy in Henan province.