煤矿冲击地压监测和防治技术的研究现状及进展

Status and Development of Coal Mine Impact Pressure Monitor and Prevention-control Technology

随着开采深度的增加,冲击地压已成为威胁我国煤矿安全生产的主要因素之一。冲击地压监测技术可分为综合指数法、钻屑法和测量法等常规监测法和地质电法、微重力法、声发射法、微震法和电磁辐射法等地球物理监测法;冲击地压的防治技术以煤层注水、开采保护层、爆破卸压及开槽卸压等为主。通过比较各监测方法的优缺点及适用条件,指出以电磁辐射为代表的地球物理监测法具有非接触、连续动态监测、对生产影响小等优点;在深部开采条件下,可采用多种防冲技术相结合的综合防冲技术,以提高冲击地压的治理效果和改善矿井的安全生产水平。

Due to the development of mining depth,impact pressure has become one of the main factors which menace safety production in coal mines.The monitor-forecast technology consists of regulate monitor-forecast technology and geophysical monitor-forecast technology,the regulate method includes the comprehensive index method,drilling method,stress-strain measurement method.The geophysical monitor-forecast technology includes geology electric method,micro-gravity method,acoustic emission,micro-seismic method,electromagnetic emission（EME） and so on.Rock burst control technology includes mainly coal seam water injection,protective seam exploitation,blasting stress relief,slot distress relief and so on.According to analyzing and comparing different methods of rock burst prevention and control technology,there comes the results that geophysical monitor-forecast technology such as EME has some notable advantages,for example,non-contact,succession,less influence on production.In deep mining,only the comprehensive prevention and control technology be used to control rock burst at same time,the effect may be gotten obviously.