宁波市2010年度出生缺陷危险因素调查及干预效果评价

Risk Factors of Birth Defects and Evaluation of Effect of Intervention Measures

目的调查宁波市2010年度出生缺陷监测实况,分析宁波市出生缺陷发生情况、危险因素与干预措施及其效果,寻求降低出生缺陷发生率的有效措施。方法随机抽取2010年度宁波市在各级各类医疗保健机构内住院分娩的妊娠满28周至产后1周的出生缺陷围生儿693例为观察组,同期随机抽取无出生缺陷围生儿585例为对照组,对两组进行致出生缺陷危险因素及干预措施比较分析。结果出生缺陷组有危险因素的围生儿211例,占30.45%;对照组有危险因素的围生儿142例,占24.27%。观察组与对照组的化学危险因素、物理危险因素暴露率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而两组生物危险因素暴露率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组与对照组未参加婚检率、优生检测率及孕前和孕早期叶酸未补服率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论妊娠前后避免接触危险因素,尤其是化学和物理因素,参加婚检及优生优育检测,孕前和孕早期补服叶酸等能有效降低出生缺陷发生率。

Objective To investigate the birth defect monitoring of residents of Ningbo in 2010 and to analyze the birth defects incidence, risk factors, intervention measures and its effect in order to seek effective measures to reduce the incidence of birth defects. Methods 693 birth defects cases who were 28 weeks after pregnancy to 1 week after delivery from all levels hospital in Ningbo were selected as observation group, and 585 subjects without birth defects were selected as control group. Risk factors of birth defects and intervention measures were compared between the two groups. Results There were 211 cases having risk factors in birth defect group, accounting for 30.45%. There were 142 cases having risk factors in control group, accounting for 24. 27%. Exposing rate of risk factors like chemical risk factors and physical risk factors showed statistically significant differ- ences between the two groups （ P 〈 0. 05 ） . Microbial risk factor showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups （P 〉 0. 05） . While participation of premarital physical examination, TORCH testing, intake of folic acid three months before pregnancy and three months after the pregnancy showed statistically significant difference （P 〈 0. 05 ） . Conclusion A- voidance of chemical or physical risk factors, participation of premarital physical examination, TORCH testing and intake of folic acid three months before pregnancy and three months after the pregnancy can effectively reduce the incidence of birth defects.