上海轨道交通列车车厢内空气质量影响因素的探讨

Factors Affecting the Indoor Air Quality in the Carriages of Metro Trains in Shanghai

[目的]了解上海轨道交通列车车厢内与人员活动密切相关的二氧化碳和可吸入颗粒物指标对其车厢环境的影响。[方法]抽取大、小列车两种车型的轨道交通列车,连续不间断对其列车车厢内进行可吸入颗粒物PM10和二氧化碳浓度的检测,并对1.0、2.0、5.0和10.0μm可吸入颗粒物进行分类计数来分析其分布情况。[结果]可吸入颗粒物PM10在列车的行驶过程中平缓下降,列车开闭门时所测得的数据与列车关门时正常运行中的数据有差异(P<0.05)。小车型和大车型小于2.0μm(PM2.0)的颗粒物分别占96%和97%,是列车车厢可吸入颗粒物最主要的组成部分。二氧化碳的浓度随人流量的增加而急剧增加,且变化幅度比较大;随人流量的减少而缓慢降低,且变化幅度比较小。[结论]车厢内集中空调通风系统的过滤系统对车厢内空气质量起到一定的净化作用,新风对于确保列车车厢内环境质量有十分重要的意义。

[Objective] To understand the levels of carbon dioxide（CO2） and particulate matter（PM） in the carriages of metro trains in Shanghai.[Methods] Levels of PM10 and CO2 were detected consecutively in two types of carriage with different passenger capacity.The PM less than 1.0,2.0,5.0 and 10.0 microns was measured respectively and their distribution was analyzed.[Results] PM10 level declined smoothly as the metro in operation,and there was a significant difference between the data measured during door open-and-close and during regular operation（P 0.05）.PM2.0 was the main component of inhalable particulates in metro train carriages,and accounted for 96% and 97% in small and large carriages respectively.CO2 concentration was increased dramatically in relatively large amplitude with the passenger volume increased,and was decreased slowly in small amplitude with the passenger volume decreased.[Conclusion] The filter unit of central air conditioning system in metro lines has certain effect on air quality purification.Fresh air plays an important role in ensuring the indoor environment.