宋代地方志编纂中的“地方”书写

“Locality”Description in the Compilation of Gazetteers in the Song Dynasty

地方志作为重要的文献资料,其价值已为人所共知。但如果将它作为文本观察对象,地方志体例的完型及以地方为书写单位的特征是需要进行必要分析与定位的。宋代地方志编纂中,体例由图而志,这一转变表明由文字书写出"地方"或者说将岩石、山川等自在之物在人的经验世界中通过文字生产出来,成为方志重要的表达方式。方志中的"地方"不仅是书写单位,而且也使得每一个地理环境成为一个文本环境。为了构建出"地方",宋代方志形成了较为一贯并且分门别类的框架系统,同时,每一门类又被赋予了价值标准,如此,地方志中的地方社会图式就被传递和构建出来。

As important historical materials,gazetteers are very valuable.However,as textual materials,the completion of the gazetteer style and the characteristics of its writing need analyzing and positioning.For those gazetteers in the Song Dynasty,styles ranged from pictures to gazetteers,which indicated that describing locality in words,i.e.,describing the world such as rocks,mountains and rivers etc.through words,became an important expressing way in gazetteers.Thus,gazetteers were not only about describing places,but literature as well.In order to construct locality,a coherent framework was built for the gazetteers in the Song Dynasty with each classified part endowed with given value.In this way,local social pattern was transmitted and reconstructed in gazetteers.