事实与权利——占有性质分析

Fact or Right——On Characteristics of Possession

占有制度的法律性质之争由来已久,主要有三种学说:其一为事实说,其二为权利说,其三为权能说。占有的性质应从占有制度的起源及历史发展中探究。古罗马法和日尔曼法因各自经济基础的不同,确立了不同性质的占有制度。它们的立法理念对近代民法的继受产生深远影响,而近代民法对占有性质的不同的立法选择,使占有的性质在发展中日趋明晰。依据现代法学的发展趋势,应当选择将"占有"与"占有权"相分离的路径,区分事实与权利,在此基础上构建占有制度。

The dispute on the legal nature o~ pu~ The first theory argues that possession is a fact, the second a right, and the third an empowerment. The nature of possession should be examined from its origin and historical development. Ancient Roman law and Germanic law, based on different economic systems, establish the possession institution of different nature. Thus their legislation concepts have brought the far-reaching impact on the modern civil law. The various modern Civil Laws chose different legislative options as far as the nature of possession is concerned. According to the trend of modern law, we should distinguish possess from possession, fact from right, and then establish system of possession.