浙江沿海地区居民环境健康风险评价中涉水和涉气活动的皮肤暴露参数研究

Coastal Residents' Dermal Exposure Parameter in Zhejiang,China under Water-Related Activity and Air-Related Activity

目的探讨浙江沿海地区居民涉水、涉气活动的皮肤暴露参数。方法于2010年7—10月对浙江温岭某农村地区的1 432名居民开展问卷调查,对涉水、涉气活动的皮肤暴露参数进行分析研究,并与日本、美国的暴露参数比较。结果温岭地区男性总体表面积为1.82 m2,女性为1.58 m2,与美国成人相比分别低7.1%和6.5%,比日本成人分别高7.7%和4.6%。温岭地区成年人群身体各部位占总体表面积的比例与美国成人有明显差异。温岭地区男性涉水时间低于女性,日本、美国、温岭人群平均洗澡时间依次为美国人群<温岭人群<日本人群。温岭人群的室内活动时间为18.2 h/d,高于日本人群15.19%,低于美国人群12.92%;室外活动时间为5.9 h/d,是日本人群的4.9倍,是美国人群的1.9倍。结论在评价温岭人群的皮肤暴露参数时,若直接引用美国的参数,会造成涉水活动和涉气活动下的日均暴露剂量偏低,分别带来1.66%～26.06%和10.90%～13.75%的偏差;若直接引用日本的数据,会造成涉水活动下的日均暴露剂量偏高17.53%～27.41%,男性涉气活动下的日均暴露剂量偏低,女性偏高,带来1.34%～1.55%的偏差。

Objective To investigate the dermal exposure parameter of residents living in the coastal area in Zhejiang, which related to water activity and air activity. Methods The dermal exposure parameters was figured out, which related to water activity and air activity. The data of 1 432 residents in Wenling of Zhejiang were collected by means of questionnaire, and the parameters were compared with those of Japanese and USA. Results The total male skin surface area in the district of Wenling was 1.82 m2 at average, and the total female skin area was 1.58 m2, which were smaller than those of American male and female adults by 7.7% and 7.0%, but larger than those of Japanese adults by 7.7% and 4.6% respectively. The proportion with the skin surface area of each part of the adult body to the whole body surface area in Wenling was different from that of American adults. Men＇s water activity time was shorter than women＇s, the average time of bath ranked as American〈Wenling people〈Japanese. The time that people spent indoor was 18.2 h/d, higher than that of Japanese by 15.19%,lower than that of American by 12.92%; The time that people spent outdoor was 5.9 h/d, which was 4.9 times higher than Japanese and 1.9 times than American. Conclusion Direct application of the American exposure parameters to the health risk assessment will cause average daily exposure dose lower and lead to deviations of 1.66%-26.06% for contacting water, and 10.90%-13.75% for inhaling air, and as for the Japanese, higher with a deviation of 17.53%-27.41% for contacting water, lower for men and higher for wemen with a deviation of 1.34%-1.55% for inhaling air.