肝癌前结节和癌结节的影像鉴别诊断方法及应用研究进展

Recent progress on the differential diagnosis imaging tools and applications on precancerous nodules and cancerous nodules of hepatocellular carcinoma

近年来，肝细胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma，HCC）的发病率在全世界呈上升趋势，并以其高死亡率严重威胁人类的健康。早发现、早治疗是提高患者生存率的关键。影像医学以其直观性、无创性等优点广泛应用于HCC的诊断。随着影像医学的快速发展，更高的要求需要在肝细胞癌形成的早期阶段就能做出诊断，以期达到彻底治疗。本文重点就肝硬化癌变过程中的肝癌前结节（dysplasticnodule，DN）和小肝癌结节（sHCC）影像鉴别诊断方法及应用研究进展进行综述。

In recent years,the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） has increased with a higher mortality rate. Early detection and early treatment are essential to improving the patients＇ survival rate. Imaging is widely used HCC and is advantageous because it is non-invasive. The rapid development of imaging calls for higher standards in order to diagnosis hepatocarcinoma at an earlier stage so as to achieve complete treatment. This review describes the scientific progress on imaging differential diagnosis and application on pre-cancerous nodules （dysplastic nodule, DN） and small hepatocellular carcinoma （sHCC） related to hepatocarcinogenesis in cirrhotic livers.