政治文化视域下的暴君——以越南前黎朝“卧朝王”黎龙铤为个案

Analysis of Tyrants from the View of Political Culture——A Case of King Li longting in the Former Le Dynasty of Vietnam

黎龙铤是前黎朝第三位皇帝,在越南历史上素以残暴而著称;因为患有痔疾常卧而听朝,故史称"卧朝王"。以卧朝王为例,具体剖析君主政体下暴君的成因问题。"卧朝王"的暴虐行为,是其个人低劣的素质、体疾所造成的病态心理,残酷的宫廷斗争、冷漠的皇室亲情,以及不良的家庭影响等内外因综合促成的;不过观以政治文化的角度,暴君产生的根本原因,还在于专制制度下君主权力缺乏有效制衡的固有缺陷。

Le Longting, the third King of the former Le Dynasty nfancient Vietnam, was famous for his brutal rules. He had hemorrhnids and often held court while lying down, earning the popular name ＂Lying King（L4 Ngoa Trieu）＂ . Taking King Le longting as an example, the article makes a detailed study on the causes of being the tyrant under the regime of monarchy from the angle of political culture. His behaviors of violence resulted from intemal and extemal aspects, which were related to his own bad qualities, morbid psychology, indifference to family affectiou, unhealthy effects from the royal family, and lack of institutional restraint to the monarchy system.