轨道车辆铝材的性能及尺寸(1)

Performance and dimension of aluminum products used for railway vehicles(1)

铝材在轨道车辆制造中获得了广泛的应用,高速铁路(简称高铁)与磁悬浮列车的车体全是用铝合金制造的,城轨车辆及地铁车辆也有约40%为铝合金的,专用运煤及其他矿产品车辆也可用铝合金制造。制造铝合金轨道车辆的铝材主要有板、带、箔、型、管、棒材与锻件等。板材主要是用5754、5083、5052等铝合金生产,型材主要是用6063、6N01、6082、6061、7003、7N01等铝合金生产,生产锻件的合金有6061、6110A、5083等铝合金。对这些合金材料的力学性能以及欧盟的有关标准进行了介绍。在选择铝合金时应综合考虑强度性能、使用性能、耐用性能、物理性能、可焊接性、成形性能、抗腐蚀性能和成本等因素。全文分为三部分刊出,本篇对生产轨道车辆板材和挤压材的5×××系铝合金进行介绍。

In railway vehicle manufacturing field,aluminum won a wide range of application.For example,aluminum alloy was used to make vehicle body of high-speed railway（HSR） and magnetic suspension train as well.There are about 40% of urban railway and subway vehicles are made from aluminum alloys.Besides,aluminum alloy can be used to make specialized coal vehicle and mine vehicle.Aluminum products,such as plate,strip,foil,profile,tube,bar and forging can be used for making different kind of vehicles.The plates are rolled from 5754,5083 and 5052 alloys;profiles are extruded from 6063,6N01,6082,6061,7003 and 7N01 alloys;while the forgings are produce from 6061,6110A and 5083 aluminum alloys.The mechanical properties of these alloys and some EU standards related with these alloys have been introduced.The mechanical property,application property,durable performance,physical property,weld ability,formability,corrosion resistance and cost should be considered when choosing aluminum alloy.Full article will be published in three parts,and this part introduces plate and profile produced from 5××× aluminum alloy.