城市老年贫困人口与养老保险制度--以广州城镇老年居民养老保险制度为例

An Approach to the Sickly Senior Citizen and the System of Providing Them Old-aged Pension and Welfare

广州于2008年率先推出城镇老年居民养老保险制度,原意是作为社会养老保险的补充,但其解决无社保人员养老问题的目标却与世界银行的"零支柱"设想不谋而合,成为构筑社会安全网的重要一环。然而,这个作为试行方案的制度在设计上存在固定缴费额导致缺乏激励作用、准入门槛过高、保障不充足、参保者负担过重以及污名化等问题。因此,改革的方向是从制度设置入手,采取灵活的缴费形式,建立动态调整机制并取消与低保制度挂钩。唯此方可确保该制度的可持续性,构建多支柱多层次的老年养老保障机制。

In the context of aging population in the 21st century,pension schemes play a key role in maintaining living standard of the aged people's welfare and the society stability.The World Bank's multi-pillars pension system is implemented in many countries and it is regarded as an effective strategy against the issue of impoverishment and aging society.As a complementary scheme to the social insurance for urban residents,the urban pension scheme for the aged people in Guangzhou is echoing to the World Bank's suggestion and becoming an important element of the social safety net.However,as a trial implementation,the scheme is imperfect,lack of incentive and having problems of high threshold for entry,inadequate security level,unaffordable payment and stigmatization.As countermeasures against the problems,a number of feasibility solutions are suggested,including flexible contribution and dynamic regulation separated from the social assistance policy.Thus,it is beneficial to the policy's sustainability and will set up a multi-pillar pension system.