血液透析常见并发症的发生原因分析及防治措施

Cause analysis of common complications of hemodialysis and corresponding prevention measures

目的探讨血液透析常见并发症的发生原因分析及防治措施。方法以2009年1月～2011年1月期间本院收治的64例进行血液透析治疗的患者为研究对象,对其治疗期间发生的并发症进行总结,分析发生的原因,并根据原因,提出相应的防治措施。结果血液透析过程中常见的并发症有高血压、低血压、失衡综合征、肌肉痉挛、发热等,分别由容量负荷增加及肾素系统激活、有效循环血量下降过快、体液清除及尿素氮下降过快、超滤速度过快及低血钙、感染与致热源反应等原因引起。结论血液透析过程中易出现各种并发症,工作人员需熟悉并发症发生的原因,操作过程中注意预防,并能根据发生原因采取正确有效的措施,以减少对患者的伤害,提高患者的生存质量。

Objective To explore the causes of common complications of hemodialysis and corresponding prevention measures.Methods Sixty-four patients receiving hemodialysis treatment in our hospital from January 2009 to January 2011 were selected.The complications occurring during the treatment period were summarized and their causes were analyzed.According to the causes,corresponding prevention and treatment measures were proposed.Results The common complications of hemodialysis were hypertension,hypotension,disequilibrium syndrome,muscle cramps,fever,etc.,which were caused by volume overload increase and renin system activation,excessively rapid decline of effective circulating blood,body fluids elimination and excessively rapid decline of blood urea nitrogen,excessively rapid ultrafiltration and hypocalcemia,infection and pyrogen reaction and other factors.Conclusion Various complications tend to occur during the hemodialysis process so that working staffs should be familiar with the causes of various complications,pay attention to the prevention during the operation process and take correct and effective measures according to the causes in order to harm to patients and improve patients′quality of life.