论《春秋》笔法对中国古典诗赋“惩劝”论的影响

Impact of the Spring & Autumn Annals Style Writing on Theory of Punishment and Persuading in Chinese Ancient Poetry

《春秋》笔法之"惩恶而劝善"对中国古代诗论和赋论产生了深远影响。自汉迄清,虽然不乏审美体验、个性情感的追求,但"美刺"、"讽谏"一直都是诗歌创作和诗歌品评的重要参考标准,充分体现了"《诗》与《春秋》相表里"的观念。受"依经立义"意义生产方式的影响,汉赋的创作和评论也多围绕"颂扬"、"讽谏"入手,虽然他们褒贬殊异,入思理路却惊人一致:肯定者借助"讽谏"的理想功能来提高汉赋的地位,贬抑者则借助"讽谏"的既成实效来否定汉赋的价值,共同指向其"劝百讽一"的美学内涵。

As one case of the Spring Autumn Annals Style Writing,punishing evil and persuading somebody to do goodness had impact on theory of punishment and persuading in Chinese ancient poem and ode.From Han-Dynasty to Qing people who seek for tastes and feeling but beautifying and mocking all along were important standard of poem writing and criticism,which embodied the Shi and the Spring Autumn Annals setting each other off.Impact of making a Point according to Confucian Classics,ode writing and criticism also started with praise and mocking in different mode including praising and demoting but the same as the way of thinking.One improved the station of ode in virtue of the function of mocking,the other denied the value of ode in virtue of the effect of mocking,and together pointing to the intention of One mocking in every Persuading 100 times.