两种气候年型下不同施肥处理对小麦群体质量及产量的影响

Effects of Different Models of Cultivation Management on Population Quality and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat in Different Climatic Years

为给小麦高产稳产及高效栽培提供理论依据和技术途径,探讨两种气象年型下不同施肥处理对冬小麦群体质量及产量的影响。结果表明,2008-2009年(干旱年份)在拔节期前CK处理的群体数量最高,其次为A3和A2处理;2009-2010年(低温年份)在整个生育期均以CK处理的群体数量最高,其次为A1处理。干物质积累量在越冬至拔节期均以CK处理最高,而在开花至成熟期A3处理最高,A2次之,两年份表现一致。2008-2009年处理间穗数差异为A2>A3>A1>CK,而2009-2010年相反。两年份穗粒数均以A2和A3较高,CK最低。千粒质量和产量表现相同趋势,两年份处理间差异均为A3>A2>A1>CK。A2和A3较CK处理的产量差异显著,而A2和A3间差异不显著。可见,A2和A3处理的产量构成因素协调,产量较高;但综合产量和效益考虑,优化管理(A2)更具有推广应用价值。

In order to provide suitable theoretical basis and technical approach for the high and stable yield of winter wheat,this article discussed the effects of different application methods of fertilizers on population quality and yield of winter wheat in different climatic extreme years.The results showed that during 2008-2009（dry year） the population culms of CK was the highest before jointing stage,followed by A3 and A2.During 2009-2010（low temperature year） the population culms of CK was the highest,followed by A1.In the two years,the dry matter accumulation was the highest in the treatment of CK from overwintering to jointing,and the highest in the treatment of A3 from anthesis to maturity which being followed by A2.The spike during two growing seasons showed the different tendency,i.e.A2A3A1CK in 2008-2009,and CKA1A3A2 in 2009-2010.Grains per spike in the treatments of A2 and A3 were higher,with the lowest in the treatment of CK during the two years.During the two years the 1000-kernel weight and grain yield showed the same tendency of A3A2A1CK.The yield of A3 and A2 was significantly higher than that of CK,with no significant differences between A2 and A3.According to the above results,the treatment of A2 and A3 could effectively coordinate the relationship between yield components and increase grain yield,and A2 was better cultivation measure in wheat production based on yield and economic benefit analysis.