甘蓝型油菜特高含油量育种技术与资源创新

Breeding Technologies and Germplasm Innovation on Extra-high-oil Content in Brassica napus

采用品种间单交、复交和生态育种,黄籽育种,DH系育种,高含油种质杂种优势育种等途径,将甘蓝型油菜种质材料含油量由40%左右提高到60%左右,最高达61.7%;杂交种的含油量由40%左右提高到50%以上。在高油杂优利用上提出"高油种质+化学诱导雄性不育"的杂交育种模式,比CMS、GMS杂交育种途径更高效、安全,并能更快地把高油种质应用到生产中去。笔者依据细胞生理和成分的分析以及向日葵育种的经验,提出油菜含油量可达70%左右,可能成为育种者今后奋斗的目标。

This article summarized the development of high oil content breeding of rapeseed in the world.It mainly introduced the progress of high oil content breeding on using the different breeding technology,such as single cross,multiple cross,ecological breeding,yellow-seeded breeding,DH breeding and heterosis breeding with high oil content germplasm,and so on.The achievements in the past years showed that the oil content of rapeseed germplasm have been improved from 40% to 60%,even to 61.7%,that of the hybrids have been raised to 50% from 40%.At the same time,the authors put forward the new hybrid breeding mode ＂High-oil germplasm ＋ Chemical induced male sterility＂ on the heterosis utilization for high oil content.Compared with CMS and GMS,the new technology has many advantages,such as,more efficiency and safety,more easily to get high-oil content cross combinations using high-oil content gemplasms and significantly improve the oil production of unit area,and so on.Therefore,this breeding mode promoted the innovation of rapeseed breeding technology.For the potency of oil content in rapeseed,authors also discussed.Based on the analysis of cell physiology and component as well as sunflower breeding experience,the author put forward 70% as the maximal oil content,and this index would possibly become the new target in the future rapeseed breeding.