早期苏维埃文化的基本特征

Basic Characteristics of the Early Soviet Culture

列宁、斯大林时期的苏维埃文化奠定了整个苏联时期文化发展的基础。十月革命后,新型苏维埃社会主义文化具有以下特征:以马克思主义为指导,文化为无产阶级服务,消灭文化的不平等,开展劳动教育,强调意识形态在艺术创作中的影响。斯大林时期苏联文化的基本特征包括:树立文化样板,艺术创作的党和阶级的观点,教条主义和意识形态操纵,盲目乐观主义和个人崇拜盛行,艺术性符合群众标准,创作活动服从于"社会订货"等等。这一时期,社会主义现实主义成为艺术创作的唯一标准。

The Soviet culture in the times of Lenin and Stalin laid the foundations for the cultural development of the entire period of the Soviet Union. After the October Revolution, a new type of Soviet socialist culture had the following characteristics： under the guidance of Marxism, culture served the proletariat, while Soviets abolishing unequalness in culture, launching labor education and stressing on the influence of ideology in artistic creation. The basic characteristics of the Soviet culture in the time of Stalin included： setting up a cultural example, taking the Party and class＇s point of view in artistic creation, dogmatism and ideological control, unfounded optimism and personality cult in vogue, artistry fitting the masses＇ merits, creative activities complying with ＂socially ordering goods＂, etc. In that era, socialist realism became the only rule for artistic creation.