苏联解体20年:对苏联剧变原因的探究

Twenty Years since the Soviet Union Disintegrated:Exploring the Cause of a Drastic Change in the Soviet Union

苏联解体的原因是学术界研究的重要问题,科学总结苏联剧变的经验教训,对中国尤其重要。苏联建立的社会主义体制并不符合马克思主义的精神实质,在马恩设想的社会主义社会里,人民享有比资本主义更多的物质财富,具有比资本主义更多的民主权利以制约国家权力机关,防止其变成压迫民众的工具,苏联的体制却与此背道而驰。因此,苏联剧变的根本原因是其体制背离了人类社会的发展潮流,背离了民众的需要。如果苏共策略选择得当,本可以对此进行改革,使之更符合民众的需要和社会主义的本质,但是,戈尔巴乔夫等苏共领导人犯了一系列错误,不但没有把社会主义改好,反而加速了苏联的解体。

The cause of the Soviet Union＇s disintegration is an important subject in the academic circles. It is especially very important for China to sum up the lessons of the drastic change in the Soviet Union.The socialist system established by the Soviet Union does not accord with the spiritual essence of Marxism. In the socialist society envisaged by Marx and Engels, the people enjoy more wealth and more democratic rights than in the capitalist society which can restrict the national authority and prevent it from becoming a tool of oppressing the people. But the social system of the Soviet Union ran in the opposite direction. Therefore, the fundamental cause of the drastic change in the Soviet Union was that its social system deviated from the people＇s requirements. If the Communist Party of the Soviet Union had adopted a proper policy, it would have carried out reforms in the social system so as to make it conform to the people＇s demand and the socialist essence. However, the leader of the CPSU Gorbachev, et al. commited a series of errors--they only accelerated the Soviet Union＇s collapse, instead of transforming socialism well.