温光处理对不同马铃薯品种块茎形成发育影响的研究

STUDY ON EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT TREATMENTS ON GROWTH AND FORMATION OF POTATO(Solanum tuberosum L.)VARIETIES TUBER

以内蒙古地区主栽的3个马铃薯品种费乌瑞它、底西芮、克新1号为材料,采取分期播种、温室内遮阴、人工气候室内不同温光处理方式,通过测定株高、块茎淀粉含量、单株结薯数、块茎产量等主要农艺性状,研究了温度和光照对马铃薯品种块茎形成发育的影响。结果表明:早播可促进马铃薯植株分枝数、主茎数、株高和叶面积的增加;温室遮阴降低温度和光照强度时,马铃薯的株高、分枝数、主茎数和叶面积呈下降趋势;人工气候室内升高温度对马铃薯的株高、分枝数、主茎数和叶面积有明显促进作用,而光照长度变化对其影响较小。早播可促进马铃薯块茎中淀粉和VC含量积累,晚播可促进块茎中还原糖含量的积累。温室遮阴可明显减少马铃薯块茎内淀粉、还原糖及VC含量的积累。人工气候室内马铃薯块茎中淀粉和VC含量随温度升高而下降,还原糖含量随着温度升高而增加,而对光照长度反应不敏感。早播可明显增加3个马铃薯品种的单株结薯数、大薯率和薯块产量;在温室遮阴和人工气候室温光处理条件下,适度降低光照强度和温度可明显促进马铃薯块茎的形成发育,利于获得高产。

Potato varieties of three types mainly cultivated in Inner Mongolia,which were Favorita,Desiree and Kexin-1,were used as test materials,under different temperature and light treatments（periodic sowing,shaded in greenhouse,different temperature and light treatments in artificial climate chamber）,the effects of temperature and light treatments on formation and development of tubers of potato varieties were investigated by measuring plant height,the content of starch in tuber,number of tuber per plant,tuber yield and other main agronomic traits.The results showed that： sowing potato early could promote branch number,number of main stem,plant height and leaf area.The plant height,branch number,number of main stem and leaf area were decreased with decrease of temperature and light intensity under the shaded condition in greenhouse.In artificial climate chamber,the plant height,branch number,number of main stem and leaf area were promoted with increase of temperature,and the illumination length had less effect on the above indexes.Sowing early could improve the content of tuber starch and VC;and sowing late could improve the content of tuber reducing sugar.It could reduce significantly the accumulation of starch in tuber,reducing sugar and VC under the shaded conditions in greenhouse.In artificial climate chamber,the increase of temperature could reduce the content of tuber starch and VC and promote the content of reducing sugar;but the above indexes were insensitive to the illumination length.Sowing early could improve significantly the number of tuber per plant,rate of big tubers and tuber yield of the three tested materials.It could promote formation and development of potato tuber by reducing moderately light intensity and temperature in artificial climate chamber and shaded greenhouse,which was beneficial to high tuber yield.