单位制的含义和基本特征文献综述

Review of Literature on Definition and Basic Characteristics of Danwei

新中国成立初期，我国建立了单位制，到改革开放前，这种组织形式一直是我国城市的核心社会组织形式，发挥着重要的作用，从各个方面影响着人们的生活。国内外学者从不同角度对这种典型单位制进行了研究，对于单位制的含义的界定，主要分为从政治学视角和社会学视角出发进行的归纳。对于典型单位制的基本特征的概述，本文从宏观社会制度层面和微观行为关系层面对既有研究文献进行了综述。

After the founding of People＇s Republic of China, Danwei, a form of social organization was established. Before the reform and opening up, this form of organization was the core form of social organization in city. Danwei played an important role in all aspects in people＇s lives. Scholars from the domestic and foreign study typical Danwei from different aspects and give the definition of Danwei from different perspectives. There are many kinds of descriptions about the Characteristics of Danwei. Two perspectives are given to summarize them in this article. One emphasizes social system from a macro perspective, and the other one emphasizes people＇s social behaviors and social relations in Danwei from a micro perspective.