铝/钢异种金属无钎剂激光填粉熔钎焊接

Fluxless Joining between Aluminium Alloy and Galvanized Steel by Fiber Laser Fusion Welding-Brazing with Filler Powder

采用宽带激光光斑和填粉焊接技术,在不使用钎剂的情况下进行6061铝合金/镀锌钢板的熔钎焊接实验。分析测试了接头成形、焊缝组织和接头强度,并探讨了影响接头强度的因素。结果表明,采用此方法可实现6061铝合金/镀锌钢板的熔钎焊连接。选用优化的焊接工艺参数获得了成形饱满,无裂纹、气孔等缺陷的焊缝。焊缝熔宽和金属间化合物层厚度随焊接热输入量的增加而增大。熔钎焊缝中金属间化合物由Al-Fe和Al-Fe-Si系统化合物组成。拉伸试样均断裂在钎料/镀锌钢界面,接头最大机械抗力为152.5N/mm,断口呈脆性断裂特征,钎料/镀锌钢界面为接头的薄弱环节。拉伸试样铝一侧断裂面由Al5Fe2Zn0.4和α-Al组成。焊缝熔宽、金属间化合物层厚度共同决定了接头的机械抗力水平。

The fluxless fusion welding-brazing result between 6061 aluminum alloy and galvanized steel with filler material is studied by using rectangular laser beam.The dependence of the mechanical properties on solidification behavior is established based on the joint formation and the weld microstructure.The results indicate that a fusion welding-brazing weld of AA6061 and galvanized steel without flux can be achieved using the welding with filler powder.By optimizing the welding parameters,the favorable weld without crack and porosity can be achieved.The weld width and the thickness of intermetallic compounds layer increase with laser energy input increasing.The intermetallic in the weld is composed of Al-Fe and Al-Fe-Si system phases.Specimens are fractured at the weld/steel interface with the brittle characteristic during tensile test.The weakness of the joint is the weld interface.The maximum intensity of 152.5 N/mm is obtained.Al5Fe2Zn0.4 and α-Al are found in the fracture surface on the aluminum side.The intensity of joint is both determined by weld width and the thickness of intermetallic compound layer.