山东出土商代青铜器铭文字频状况探析

On the Frequency of Inscription Characters on the Bronze Wares of Shang Dynasty Unearthed in Shandong

对2008年12月底前公布的山东出土商代青铜器铭文资料进行统计,可得单字645个,不计重复字为154个。进行字频统计与测查,发现:字频分布呈现两极分化,最高字频覆盖率达9%,即每11字就出现1次;仅出现1次的有109字,约占单字总数的71%。高频字集中在亲称用字、日名用字、作器或器名用字以及部分族名。亲称高频字是"父"。日名高频字集中在双数日,未见"丙"、"壬"。这些情况反映出商代山东与中原铜器铭文的一致性与差异性。

According to the statistics of the inscription on the bronze wares of Shang Dynasty unearthed in Shandong before December 2008, there are 645 characters in all, and 154 characters excluding the pleonasm; a survey into the character frequency reveals the polarization of the character frequency distribution; the maximum frequency reaches 9%, that is, once in every 11 characters; there are as many as 109 characters that appear only once, which is about 71% of all the characters. High- frequency characters are those of kin appellation （or seniority in the family, pedigree）, of days, of utensils and of family names. The high--frequency kin appellation is ＂父＂; and the high--frequency characters of days are even--numbered days, without ＂丙＂ or ＂壬＂ These reflect the consistency and diversity of the inscription on the bronze wares of Shang Dynasty unearthed in Shandong with those unearthed in Central China.