中国考试文化的古今嬗变与镜鉴

The Evolution and Enlightenments from Chinese Examination System

中国考试文化生态因社会环境、经济土壤、社会结构和国际环境影响而形成从保守封闭性向包容开放性转变的特征。本文从三个层面考察中国考试文化的当代嬗变:考试观念文化从单一的政治情结向综合人文素质嬗变,考试制度文化从僵化到创新嬗变,考试行为文化则从场所、教学行为、主体、应试行为和实践行为考察。通过合理挖掘中国传统考试文化中的道德诉求与和谐理念,力求凝练出一种具有深厚文化内涵和现代竞争意识的考试文化。

Because of the influence from social environment, economy, social structure and international environment, Chinese examination culture is changing from being conservative to open. This paper explains the evolution of Chinese examination culture from three perspectives： the focus of examination is shifting from politics to an overall competence; the whole rigid system is changing to be more open; the culture will also be discussed as a whole through places, teaching methods, the subjects, exam--oriented behaviors and practices. The purpose of the present research is to find out the appropriate moral appeals and the ideas of harmony in Chinese examination mechanism ad thus try to propose an examination culture with profound cultural connotation and modern competitive consciousness.