皮内试验假阳性与心理因素分析及预防对策

Analysis on false-positive of intradermal test and psychological factors and its preventive measure

目的 探讨皮内试验假阳性与心理因素的关联.方法 2010年4月~2011年4月对360例患者进行随机分组比较研究,其中,实验组180例,在皮试前后及整个皮试过程中对患者进行及时有效地沟通和心理干预,密切观察皮试反应,询问皮试前后异样感,对阳性主诉进行认真分析和辨别;对照组180例,按常规进行皮试,20 min后按阳性主诉范围逐一询问患者,并观察局部及全身反应.对两组患者皮试结果进行对比观察.结果 实验组皮试假阳性率为4.4%,对照组假阳性率为11.1%,两组皮试结果的阳性率差异有统计学意义（P 〈 0.05）.结论 护士提高其专业技术水平和工作责任心、注意语言艺术和沟通技巧、做好患者思想解释工作、消除其紧张、恐惧心理并对皮试阳性主诉加以综合分析和辨别,能够有效降低皮试假阳性率.

Objective To examine the association between false-positives of intradermal test and psychological factors.Methods Randomized comparison research was proceeded in 360 patients from April 2010 to April 2011.There were 180 patients in the experimental group,who were treated with effectively communication and psychological intervention before and after intradermal test and during the whole process,and the intradermal test reaction was closely observed,strange feelings were asked before and after the test,and the positives principle action were analyzed and identified.There were 180 cases in the control group,intradermal test was proceeded regularly,then the patients were asked one by one according to the positives principle action after 20 minutes,and the local and systemic reactions were observed.The test results of the two groups were observed and compared.Results The intradermal test false-positive rate of the experimental group test was 4.4%,while the control group was 11.1%,according to the statistics,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant（P 0.05）.Conclusion The false-positive rate of intradermal test can be effectively reduced,as long as nurses enhancing their professional skills and sense of responsibility,paying attention to language arts and communication skills,explaining to the patients clearly,eliminat patients＇ tension,fear,and comprehensively analyzing and identifying the positives principle action of intradermal test.