MicroRNA与肿瘤的相关研究进展

The Progression of microRNA and Tumor's Research

微小RNA(microRNAs,miRNA)是一类22个核苷酸左右的非编码调控RNA。可以通过切割mRNA或者是抑制翻译两种机制,在转录后水平发挥调控生物生长发育的重要作用。目前的研究已经发现microRNA参与调控发育、细胞分化、细胞凋亡等多种生理过程。目前已证实miRNA参与肿瘤发生和进展,miRNA表达谱是肿瘤诊断和预后的指标,miRNA突变、缺失或表达水平的异常与人类肿瘤密切相关,它发挥类似于癌基因或抑癌基因的作用,参与肿瘤细胞的增殖、分化和细胞凋亡过程。本文就miRNA在肿瘤发生发展以及诊断治疗方面的研究进展作一综述。

MicroRNA（miRNA） is a kind of small non-protein-coding RNA about 22 nucleotides in length.MicroRNA can regulate organism growth and development by mediating the degradation of complementary mRNA or inhibiting translation.MicroRNA play important roles in homeostatic processes such as development,cel1 proliferation,cell apoptosis.It was certified that miRNA participate the processes of tumorigenesis and development and its expression profiles can be used as the indicator of tumor diagnosis and prognosis.Mutation,deletion or high expression of miRNA was found to correlate with various human cancer.miRNA is involved in tumor cell proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis processes as function as oncogenes or tumor supressors.In this review,we have summarized the research of miRNA in tumorigenesis,development,diagnosis and therapy.