溴甲烷生产过程中职业性有害因素的识别与评价

Identification and assessment of occupational hazards during the process for methyl bromide production

目的对溴甲烷生产过程中的职业性有害因素进行识别和评价。方法采用现场职业卫生调查进行定性,职业卫生检测进行定量,综合进行评价。结果溴甲烷生产过程中存在的职业性有害因素主要有溴甲烷、甲醇、Br2、H2SO4、NaOH、硫磺等生产性毒物,在现有的卫生工程防护措施下,碱储库操作位3%检测点的NaOH浓度超过了其MAC限值要求,精馏塔和灌装区60%检测点的溴甲烷浓度超过了其PC-TWA限值的要求,短时间接触浓度的超限倍数分别为11.6和20.3,超过其最大超限倍数(2.5倍)。结论溴甲烷生产过程中存在NaOH和溴甲烷超标的可能性。虽然采取一定的职业性有害因素防护措施后,能够有效控制超标物质的暴露浓度,但是考虑到溴甲烷强烈的神经毒性,必须给予高度重视。

Objective To identify and assess the occupational hazards in the process for methyl bromide production.Methods Field investigation and occupational hazard monitoring were carried out for the identification and assessment.Results Possible occupational hazards included methyl bromide, methanol,Br2,H2SO4,NaOH and sulfur,of which,the concentrations of NaOH in 3% sampling positions at NaOH store exceeded its MAC value,and methyl bromide time weighted average concentrations in 60% sampling positions at rectifying tower and filling place exceeded the guideline values（11.6times and 20.3 times）, as well as its short time exposure levels exceeding the maximum excursion limit（2.5 times）.Conclusion Close attention should be paid to methyl bromide since its serious neurotoxicity although it could be controlled to below the guideline value with some protective measures for the occupational hazards.