道路环境成本的货币化模型研究

Study on Monetization Model of Environmental Costs of Road Transportation

公平、合理地分担外部性环境成本是实现道路交通资源最优配置的前提条件之一,而环境成本货币化评估是实现道路交通政策体现环境公平性的重要内容。介绍了在国内外对道路外部成本的研究成果,在已有研究的基础上,将我国道路交通发展的环境成本主要分解为生态影响、环境污染和温室气体排放三类,并以借助环境经济学理论基础,对给出的道路交通生态影响、环境污染和温室气体排放的货币化方法估算模型分别进行了探讨。随后,以安徽省某高速公路为例,计算出道路建设及运营的环境成本占工程总投资的7.31%,结果表明环境成本货币化有利于明确道路建设的环境影响,并纳入成本核算中。

Share responsibility of environmental costs fairly and reasonably is one of the premises of realizing optimal distribution of traffic resources.Monetization evaluating environmental external costs of road transportation is an important factor to show fairness of traffic policies.According to the existent researches,environmental external cost related to road transportation can be divided into ecological destroying,environmental pollution and greenhouse gas emission.Based on the theory of environmental economics,this paper provided the monetization model of the above three types of impacts.Furthermore,taking a highway in Anhui Province as example,it calculated that environmental costs of road construction and running account for 7.31% of total investment.It is demonstrated that monetization of environmental costs is propitious to ascertain the environmental impact of road construction and should be bring into cost accounting.