论十六国时期胡人政权速亡原因及其历史启示

A Discussion on Causes of Quick Downfall of the Kingdoms of Hu People (胡人)and Its Implication during the Period of Sixteen Kingdoms

十六国胡人政权速亡的根本原因有三个方面,一是胡人统治者在统治民族本身不够成熟和强大的情况下,普遍实行民族本位、民族压迫和民族防范政策,既埋下了统治力量先天不足的隐患,又加重了民族隔阂,激化了民族矛盾;二是各政权普遍存在内乱不断的现象,导致自相残杀、自取灭亡和外敌乘虚而入的惨重恶果;三是统治者普遍在政治、生活上极度腐败,重用奸臣,沉迷享乐,不恤民力,穷奢极欲,导致民不聊生,民怨沸腾,激化了社会矛盾,动摇了统治基础。民族矛盾和社会矛盾,大大削弱了十六国胡人政权自身实力,制约了政权发展壮大,导致了政权的迅速崩溃和灭亡。十六国胡人政权速亡现象具有深刻的历史启示意义。

The quick downfall of the kingdoms of Hu People （ 胡人, the Northern barbarian tribes in ancient China） during the Period of Sixteen Kingdoms results from the following factors. First, many kingdoms of Hu People carried out wrong ethnic policy, which led to deficiencies of ruling power, national estrangement and the rising of ethnic contradictions. Secondly, the civil war was widespread in the kingdoms of Hu People, which resulted in killing each other, and attracting external enemies. Thirdly, corruption of the rulers of Hu People was common, which caused social contradictions increasingly.