金沙江流域(云南段)典型露天矿区开采条件生态适宜性评价

ECOLOGY SUITABILITY EVALUATION OF MINING CONDITIONS IN TYPICAL OPEN-PIT MINES OF JINSHA RIVER WATERSHED (YUNNAN PART)

露天采矿产生的水土流失、次生地质灾害等生态负效应强度受矿山所处的地理环境控制。金沙江流域露天矿区众多,地形复杂,采矿后产生的生态负效应易受脆弱的地理环境放大,因此对流域内露天矿区进行开采条件的生态适宜性评价,对保护环境具有重要意义。采用RS、GIS等空间技术,在ArcGIS环境下建立了金沙江流域(云南段)露天矿区的空间数据库,以其中的10个典型露天矿区为研究对象,在对比分析了这些露天矿区的地理环境后,选取了地貌、海拔、坡度、植被覆盖度、植被类型及流域位置等作为评价指标,对典型露天矿区进行开采条件的生态适宜性评价。评价方法涉及专家打分、灰色关联法等。研究得出流域内10个典型露天矿的空间分布特征及开采条件的生态适宜性。研究成果为流域内露天矿区资源的合理开发利用及生态保护提供一定的科学依据。

Open-pit mining may cause negative ecological effects, such as water loss, soil erosion, secondary geological disaster,and their intensity is affected by geographical environment of mines. Because of huge numbers of open-pit mines distributing and complex terrain in Jinsha River watershed, the negative ecological effects generated by mines might be aggravated by the fragile geographical environment. Thus the ecology suitability evaluation of mining conditions is of great significance for ecology protection in the watershed. Based on the spatial technology of remote sensing and geography information system, the spatial database of open-pit mines in Jinsha River watershed （Yunnan part） has been built under ArcGIS environment. Then 10 typical open-pit mines in the watershed were taken as case study objects. After the geographical environment of these open-pit mines was compared and analyzed, various elements are taken into consideration for ecology suitability evaluation of mining conditions, such as, elevation index including geomorphology, altitude, slope, vegetation coverage, vegetation types and watershed location. Elevation methods are related to expert scoring and grey-relationship. The study obtains spatial distributing characterization and ecology suitability of mining conditions of the 10 typical open-pit mines. The study result provides scientific basis for resources rational exploitation, utilization and ecology protection of open-pit mines in Jinsha River watershed （Yunnan part）.