博落回植物与肥料复合的杀螺效应及对水稻生长影响

MOLLUSCICIDAL ACTIVITY OF MACLEAYA CORDATA MIXED WITH FERTILIZERS AGAINST ONCOMELANIA HUPENSIS AND ITS EFFECT ON RICE GERMINATION AND GROWTH

探索一种杀螺施肥双效作用的新型杀螺剂。将博落回植物粉末分别与氮、磷、钾肥复合制成植物3种单肥复合杀螺剂(简称MPF),与3种肥料混合配成植物混合肥复合杀螺剂(简称MCF)。采用浸杀法进行杀螺试验,同时检验该复合杀螺剂对水稻萌发及生长的影响。结果显示,3种MPF(博落回植物分别与氮、磷、钾肥复合杀螺剂)处理钉螺,48h钉螺死亡率分别为100%、53.3%、66.7%;作用于水稻,能明显促进种子萌发和幼苗生长,如3种MPF使水稻种子萌发率分别为100%、80%和53%,分别比对照(40%)提高了60%、40%和13%;水稻幼苗分别增长了126.8%、70.7%和60.5%。MCF随处理浓度增加及处理时间延长,钉螺死亡率上升,较低浓度(200mg/L)处理48h和72h,钉螺死亡率分别为73.3%和86.7%;较高浓度(400mg/L)复合处理48h和72h,钉螺死亡率分别为83.3%、100%。然而,低浓度(200mg/L)MCF对水稻萌发和生长有促进作用,如水稻幼苗比对照增长了87.6%,但高浓度(400mg/L)则有一定抑制作用。因此,MPF对钉螺具有较好的杀螺活性,同时能促进水稻萌发和生长,其中植物氮肥复合杀螺剂效果最佳;MCF对钉螺均有杀螺活性,但低浓度对水稻有促进作用,而高浓度则有抑制作用。

To explore a new molluscicide with molluscicidal activity against Oncomelania hupensis and enhancing effect on rice growth, three MPFs including MPF-N, MPF-P and MPF-K, mixing up the power of Macleaya cordata with nitrogenous fertilizer （MPF-N）, phosphatic fertilizer （MPF-P） and potassic fertilizer （MPF-K） respectively and the MCF,mixing up the power with the compounds of three fertilizers （N,P and K） were used in the experiment. The molluscicidal efficacy of MPFs and MCF on O. hupensis and its effects on rice seedlings growth and seed germination were investigated under laboratory conditions. The results showed that in 200 mg/L concentration of MPF-N, MPF-P and MPF-K,snails mortalities at 24 h were 100%,53.3o/60 and 66.7%respectively. The percent of rice seed germination were 100%, 80% and 53 % in 200 mg/L concentration of MPF-N, MPF-P and MPF-K. Therefore, the germination percents in 200 mg/L concentration of three MPFs were higher 60% ,40% and 13% respectively than that in control （40% germination percent）. The seedlings heights of rice were also higher 126.8%, 70.7% and 60.5% respectively than that in control. For MCFs, mortalities of the snails increased with the increase of the MCF concentrations and time. For example,mortalities of snails were 73.3% and 86.7% at 48 h and 72 h in 200 mg/L concentration of MCF,and were 83.3% and 100% at 48 h and 72 h in 400 mg/L concentration of MCF. Seed germination and seedling height increased at lower concentration （200 mg/L） of MCF but decreased at higher concentration （400 mg/L） of MCF. In conclusion, MPFs had strong molluscicidal activities against O. hupensis and improved seed germination and seedling growth of rice. The MPF-N was the strongest one in the three MPFs. The MCF also had stronger molluscicidal activity against O. hupensis. But seed germination and seedling growth of rice increased at lower MCF concentration （200 mg/L） and decreased at higher MCF concentration（400 rag/L）.