带遗传标记的玉米基因雄性不育的发现及遗传和利用研究

The Discovery, Inheritance and Utilization of Genic Male Sterility with Genetic Marker in Maize *

1992年在玉米族远缘杂交组合 34 0 2 F3(丹 34 0× 4 0 3- 2 )中首次发现带标记性状的基因雄性不育 ( GMS)材料。遗传分析结果表明 ,不育性受一对隐性基因控制。当不育株 ( A)与可育株 ( B)进行兄妹交 ,育性分离比例接近 1∶ 1;而可育株 ( B)自交的后代 ,可育株与不育株的分离比例为 3∶ 1。连锁遗传分析结果证明 ,不育基因 ( ms°)与标记性状基因 ( plf)紧密连锁 ,未发现有交换现象 ,它们可能位于同一染色体同一位点上。经过不育株五代兄妹交已选出几个高产核不育两用系。通过测交筛选出一个强优势高产恢复系 HR- 1。利用高产核不育系与强优恢复系配制出两个超高产玉米杂交种 ;小区( 0 .0 0 66hm2 )产量分别为 72 .0 kg和 78.1kg,比对照掖单 13号增产 18.6%和 2 8.7%。本文还讨论了带遗传标记的高产核不育两用系的应用前景 ,并提出进一步研究 ms°- plf基因的设想。

The genic male sterility(GMS) with genetic marker in maize was discovered in F 3 generation of the cross 3402 in 1992. The result of genetic research showed that its sterility is controlled by a recessive gene(ms). While the sterile plants (A) were crossed with fertile plants (B), the segregation ratio of fertile and sterile plants was nearly 1 to 1; the segregation ratio of fertile and sterile plants in self cross of fertile plants (B) was about 3 to 1. The result of linkage genetic analysis proved that the sterile gene(ms) and the genetic marker gene (plf) are fully linked and no exchanged between them. Both genes ( ms plf ) might locate at the same locus on the same chromosome. Some highyield two type lines of GMS have been bred from fifth generation of sibmating of sterile plants. A high yield restore line with strong heterosis (HR 1) was screened by test cross with sterile line. Two super high yield hybrids were obtained by using cross of high yield GMS lines with HR 1, their per 0.0066 hm 2. yields increased by 18.6% and 28.7% respectively compared with control variety Yedan 13. Besides this, utilizing prospects of the high yield two type lines of GMS with genetic marker were discussed; and the idea that ms plf genes would be further studied was also proposed.