棉花优良品种中棉所19高频体细胞胚胎发生细胞系筛选与植株再生

High Frequency Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration of Elite Cotton Variety CCRI 19

选用我国优良棉花品种中棉所 19进行组织培养 ,研究了该品种的体细胞胚胎发生和植株再生能力 .中棉所 19的体细胞胚胎发生有两种情况 :一是由外植体直接诱导获得胚性愈伤组织和体细胞胚 ;二是先诱导获得愈伤组织 ,再经继代培养获得胚胎发生 .单独使用 ZT可在早期诱导胚胎发生 ,在该情况下 ,对子叶的诱导能力最强 ,胚根次之 ,下胚轴最差 .刚诱导获得的胚性愈伤组织胚胎发生能力较差 ,通过在含有 0 .1mg/ L ZT或 2 i P及 2 g/ L活性炭的培养基上连续培养 ,可获得具有高频胚胎发生和植株再生能力的细胞系 .中棉所 19诱导获得的体细胞胚中 ,畸形胚的比率较高 .在较合适的培养基上培养 ,2 0 %～ 30 %的体细胞胚可萌发形成再生植株 .

Chinese elite cotton variety CCRI 19 was chosen for tissue culture, and obtained callus with high frequency embryogenesis and somatic embryos. Embryogenic callus can produced directly from cotyledon, hypocotyle and radical, or from callus producing from explants. Embryogenic callus and somatic embryos could be directly obtained on the medium only with ZT, but it was influenced by explant sources. Cotyledon was easiest to be induced embryogenesis, and hypocotyl was the most difficult. The initial embryogenic callus was difficult to produce somatic embryos, but it could be improved by subculture on the medium with 0.1 mg/L ZT (or 2iP) and 2 g/L active carbon. Many abnormal embryos existed. About 20%~30% somatic embryos can be converted into plantlets on suitable medium This paper suggested an efficient procedure for CCRI 19 somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration.