近代日本内阁首相产生机制研究

A Research on the Selective Mechanism of the Prime Minister in Modern Japan

近代日本在内阁更迭之际,拥有任命内阁首相大权的天皇,不直接指定继任首相,而是就首相人选咨询于一些特殊集团,这些集团将他们认为合适的人选奏荐给天皇,再由天皇降旨给被奏荐者,命其组阁,从而形成了独特的产生继任内阁首相时的奏荐机制。首先从制度层面分析这种奏荐机制何以能够产生和存在;进而分析参与奏荐的元老、以内大臣为首的宫中、重臣等势力的构成及性质;并依据不同时期参与奏荐的主体的演变,将奏荐的历史过程分为几个阶段进行阐述。通过奏荐产生内阁首相是近代日本有别于其它国家的一种政治现象,体现了近代日本天皇制非立宪的一面。

In modern Japan,Tenno has the right to appoint the Prime Minister.But he only made his decision after counseling some special groups,and then appointed the right person they recommended.This paper aims to analyze why and how did this counseling-recommending mechanism come into being.I also want to demonstrate the constitutions and the features of different political forces involved,such as Genrō、 Naidaijin of kunai and leading officials.The counseling-recommending history thus could be divided into several periods according to different group‘s importance.The selective mechanism of the Prime Minister in Japan is a special political system,which reflected the peculiarity of Tenno system.