大豆脂肪氧化酶缺失体的农艺和品质性状鉴定

Identification of agronomic and quality charaters of soybean varieties with lacking lipoxygenase in Guizhou

从贵州省大豆品种中随机抽取 1 44份进行脂肪氧化酶测定、豆奶加工试验和品质、农艺性状分析。结果发现了 3 3份脂肪氧化酶缺失品种 (其中 2份育成品种 ) ,占鉴定总数的 2 2 .9%,包括缺失 Lox2、Lox3和Lox2、3类型 ,以缺失 Lox3类型较多。缺失脂氧酶地方品种的蛋白质、脂肪含量较低 ,其氨基酸成分及比例与正常品种相近 ,而缺失的育成品种的蛋白质含量则高达 4 7%以上。利用强碱高温消除豆浆中的豆腥味后 ,正常品种豆浆中的氨基酸总量减少较多且部分氨基酸成分消失 ,缺失品种减少较少且氨基酸成份全部保留。Lox3缺失品种的脂氧酶活性与百粒重、株粒重负相关。脂氧酶缺失的育成品种有着较大的直接应用价值 ,而多数缺失的地方品种表现为重感病毒病和生育期太长的特点 ,需进行改良才能在生产上利用。

varieties with lacking lipoxygenase (Lox) were obtained from 144 random samples in Guizhou soybean germplasm resources, including 3 types of lacking Lox2, Lox3, Lox2 and Lox3 which accounted for 22.9% of the total samples. The agronomic and quality characters of the 33 varieties were identified. The result as follow: 1) the protein and oil contents of local varieties with lacking Lox were lower than that of normal varieties, while the protein content of one breeding variety with lacking Lox was 47%, higher than that of the normal varieties. 2) the amount of amino acid in soybean milk produced under the condition of high alkali (pH 11～12) in order to eliminate grass beany flaver was reduced and some amino acids in normal varieties were dismissed, while that of varieties with lacking Lox was reduced little and no type of amino acid dismissed. 3) the activity of varieties with lacking Lox3 negative correlated with 100 seed weight and single plant seed yield. 4) most of varieties with lacking Lox had long growth period and sensitive to soybean mosaic virus.