我国南方马尾松林生态系统的退化特征和改造对策研究

Retrograde Characteristics of Ecosystem of Pinus massoniana Forest and Its Transformation Countermeasures

在阐明马尾松林的形成过程和群落结构的基础上，从森林生态系统的结构与功能角度，揭示了我国南 方马尾松林生态系统的退化特征，主要表现在：（１）物种多样性丧失，（２）调节小气候效能低，（３）蓄持水分功 能，（４）地力衰退严重，（５）群落结构不稳定。同时，也充分反映了马尾松林退化生态系统的脆弱性。为促进马 尾松在我国南方能够持续稳定地发展，必须予以科学地改造。文中就优化群落结构、树种选择配置和栽种配 套技术３个层次的改造分别进行了较详细的阐述。

Retrograde characteristics of ecosystem of Pinus massoniana forests in the south of China were revealed from the structure and function of forest ecosystem, based on analysis of its formation process and community structure.The retrograde characteristics were as follows:(1)Its species diversity decreased;(2)Its ability to regulate microclimate was low;(3)Its retaining function was poor;(4)Its soil fertility seriously declined;(5)Its community structure was unstable.All these characteristics fully showed fragility of retrogade ecosystem of Pinus massoniana. Inorder to promote its stable development in the south of China,forests of Pinus massoniana should be scientifically transformed. This paper overall discussed the three levels of transformation